Melanoma in dogs refers to tumors of pigment-producing cells, also known as melanocytes. Through the production of pigment or melanin, these cells are typically responsible for the color of the skin, hair, and eyes. Malignant melanoma accounts for 70% of all melanin-producing cell tumors, while the other 30% accounts for benign tumors called melanocytomas. Melanocytomas may also be referred to as benign melanomas.
Melanoma is the most common oral cancer in dogs. Melanoma is also frequently found on the skin, eyes and toes, but can develop in other parts of the body. Tumors of the mouth, toes, and eyes can invade into bone and have a high potential for metastasis.
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly aggressive cancer in the blood vessels – more specifically, in the soft tissue lining of the blood vessels. It is highly likely to metastasize across the body and is often deemed “the silent killer,” as the pet may not show any clinical signs until the condition is in its later stages. These tumors can occur anywhere in the body, but HSA usually develops in the spleen, heart, or skin.
The most common form of HSA in dogs occurs in the spleen, known as splenic HSA. This article focuses on splenic HSA in dogs.
Tumors that occur inside the nose are uncommon canine tumors. These tumors in dogs are more frequently seen in older male and female dogs. Radiation therapy is the most common cancer treatment for nasal tumors.
Tumors that occur inside the nose are uncommon in cats. These tumors are more commonly seen in older males or females. Radiation therapy is the most common cancer treatment for nasal tumors.
Nasal tumors can metastasize (spread) to the nearby lymph nodes and the lungs. A thorough evaluation is necessary to include a physical examination, blood work, chest x-rays, a biopsy or aspiration of the tumor, lymph node assessment, abdominal ultrasound, and a CT scan.
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a collective name for a group of malignant (cancerous) tumors which typically arise from tissue under the skin. Though these tumors can occur anywhere, they most frequently arise on the limbs or anywhere on the outside of the dog’s body. Types of STSs include fibrosarcomas, perivascular wall tumors (previously called hemangiopericytoma), and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Affected dogs are typically 10 years of age or older.
Soft tissue sarcomas can metastasize (spread) to nearby lymph nodes and the lungs. A thorough evaluation is necessary and includes blood work, chest x-rays, a biopsy or an aspiration or the mass, lymph node assessment, abdominal ultrasound, and possible a CT scan.
